{"id":251,"date":"2023-07-16T21:19:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T21:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahmetakbulut.net.tr\/?p=251"},"modified":"2023-07-16T21:27:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-16T21:27:26","slug":"cafer-pasa-darulkurrasi-darulkurra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahmetakbulut.net.tr\/portal\/cafer-pasa-darulkurrasi-darulkurra\/","title":{"rendered":"Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2"},"content":{"rendered":"
K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131<\/strong><\/div>\n
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D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2 1579-1582 y\u0131llar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olup, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bal\u0131kl\u0131 Mahallesinde evler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve harap bir durumda varl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 vermektedir. Olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zenli bir mimarisi bulunan yap\u0131, K\u00fctahya\u2019da Klasik Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinin ender \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak sanat tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.<\/div>\n
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D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2, in\u015fa tarihine bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n Hassa ba\u015fmimar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6neme (1538- 1588) rastlar ancak Sinan\u2019\u0131n eserlerini i\u00e7eren listelerde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7memektedir. Mimari plan\u0131 itibar\u0131 ile \u00fcnik bir eser olan yap\u0131, tamamen kendine has bir tasar\u0131m sergilemekte ve Osmanl\u0131 D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda istisnai bir \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131, sekizgen prizma g\u00f6vdesi ve onu \u00f6rten sekizgen tasar\u0131ml\u0131 kubbesiyle ilk bak\u0131\u015fta klasik \u00fcslupta bir Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrbesine benzemektedir. (Tanman, 1993) Yap\u0131 hem klasik d\u00f6nemde hem de Tanzimat sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde faal olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hatta Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren belgeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda enc\u00fcmen azal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan, Mal Hatun Numune-i Nisa Mektebi mezunu Hac\u0131 Naime \u00d6niz Han\u0131mefendi, K\u00fctahya D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131\u2019nda Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim e\u011fitimi ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir de kalfalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir. (Erden, 2015) Y\u00fcksek ihtisas medresesi olarak kabul edilen D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2\u2019da hangi seviyede ya da hangi derecede medrese e\u011fitimi verildi\u011fi bilgisine ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Erden, 2015)<\/div>\n
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59 envanter numaral\u0131 yap\u0131 K\u00fctahya ilinin Merkez il\u00e7esinde Alipa\u015fa Mahallesi Bal\u0131kl\u0131 Caddesi\u2019nin do\u011fusunda 85 ada 31 parselde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n caddeye bakan cephesi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Cadde \u00fczerindeki 395 ve 244 envanter numaral\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda konumlanmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131 kuzeybat\u0131 cephesinin tamam\u0131 ve bat\u0131 K\u00fctahya\u2019da Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 cephesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7evre yap\u0131lar sebebiyle kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 Mimari \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2lar\u0131 genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kapsaml\u0131 bir k\u00fclliyeye dahil olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015flerdir. Bu durum Osmanl\u0131 dar\u00fclkurralar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik olup, dar\u00fclkurra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yap\u0131 olarak da in\u015fa edilse, en az\u0131ndan bir cami ya da bir mescid yan\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015flerdir. K\u00fctahya D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 ise, tek ba\u015f\u0131na tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u00fclliye program\u0131na dahil edilmemi\u015ftir. K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131, tasar\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu gibi bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile de Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinde nadir \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. K\u00fctahya D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hi\u00e7bir k\u00fclliye program\u0131, medrese ya da camiye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n in\u015fa edilen Bursa\u2019daki Hoca Yakub D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131na benzemektedir. (Tanman, 1993). Bu \u00f6zellik ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnekte yoktur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yap\u0131 sekizgen plan\u0131 ve kubbeli \u00f6rt\u00fc sistemi ile klasik Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrbelerine benzerlik g\u00f6sterir. Bu t\u00fcrbelerden farkl\u0131 olarak y\u00fcksek bir zemine oturmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fckseklik onun dar\u00fclkurra olarak tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar niteliktedir. Buras\u0131 bir dar\u00fclkurra olarak tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve burada kitaplarla e\u011fitim s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fine g\u00f6re, bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane mimarisi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kitap ya da defterlerin nemden korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f cephesi kesme ta\u015ft\u0131r. Her cephede ortak \u00f6zellik olarak dikd\u00f6rtgen ta\u015f s\u00f6veli, \u00fcst kotta ise sivri kemerli pencerelerle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131da hemen her cephede bulunan dikd\u00f6rtgenlerle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7leri sonradan doldurulmu\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekici bir mimari \u00f6\u011fedir.<\/div>\n
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Yap\u0131 sekizgen prizma bir g\u00f6vdesi ve onu \u00f6rten kubbesi ile genellikle kare planl\u0131 in\u015fa edilen D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2lardan farkl\u0131 bir tasar\u0131m olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu haliyle D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2dan \u00e7ok klasik \u00fcslupta yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir t\u00fcrbeyi and\u0131ran mimarisiyle olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n cephesindeki ah\u015fap par\u00e7a ve izlerden daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131y\u0131 tamamen \u00e7evreleyen bir oyuk\u00a0oldu\u011fu ve bu oyu\u011fun etraf\u0131nda ah\u015fap sundurma bulundu\u011fu tespitinde bulunulmu\u015ftur ki bu hali, 16. yy. Klasik Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrbeleri \u00f6rne\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n klasik d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen 1579-1582 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131na tarihlenen K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 Anadolu ve Rumeli Beylerbeyli\u011fi g\u00f6revlerinde bulunan Cafer Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130n\u015fa tarihine g\u00f6re, Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f mimar oldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme rastlamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Sinan\u2019\u0131n eserlerini i\u00e7eren listelerde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7memektedir. Eserin en dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zelli\u011fi, mimari\u00a0plan\u0131ndaki kendine has tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131, sekizgen prizma g\u00f6vdesi ve onu \u00f6rten sekizgen tasar\u0131ml\u0131 kubbesiyle ilk bak\u0131\u015fta klasik \u00fcslupta bir Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrbesine benzemekte, Dar\u00fc-lkurra yap\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fcnik bir form sergilemektedir. T\u00fcrbe benzerli\u011fini destekleyen ba\u015fka bir unsur da zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcst kotta \u00e7evreleyen ah\u015fap bir sundurman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum duvardaki oyuk izlerinden ve ah\u015fap par\u00e7alardan tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 16. yy. klasik Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrbe mimarisindeki bu \u00f6zellik, di\u011fer dar\u00fcl-kurralarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi nedeniyle yap\u0131ya plan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fer katmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Yap\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrbe mimarisinden fark\u0131 zeminden y\u00fcksekli\u011fidir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcr ihtisas medresesi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Kur\u2019an gibi kitaplar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bulundurmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden ve bu kitaplar\u0131n nemden korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla y\u00fcksek bir giri\u015f tercih edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen imar uygulamalar\u0131 nedeniyle evler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f vaziyettedir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131 duvar\u0131 biti\u015fik nizam nedeniyle zaten kapal\u0131 durumdad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Sanat tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir yerde duran ve pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcyle farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 niteliklere sahip K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131, elde edilen ve edilecek olan veriler ve bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk etapta K\u00fctahya Valili\u011fince kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lacak olup K\u00fctahya Belediyesi ile m\u00fc\u015ftereken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi restorasyonu yap\u0131larak tekrar kullan\u0131ma uygun hale getirilecektir.<\/div>\n
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K\u00fctahya Cafer Pa\u015fa D\u00e2r\u00fclkurr\u00e2s\u0131 Restorasyon G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fler<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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